Τhis first chart lays out the 4 sections of the quad chart. Each section is labeled with a referring letter (Α, Β, C, & D). These are commonly used to reference the endings used for the various verb forms (you can see these forms listed next to their respective letter below). As an example, the Present Active verbs would use the endings found in the A quarter of all the charts below.
A | Present Active Future Active Perfect Active | B | Aorist Active Aorist Passive Imperfect Active |
C | Present Middle Future Middle Future Passive Perfect Middle | D | Aorist Middle Imperfect Middle |
The following chart gives the verbal endings with the combining vowel included.
A 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | ω εις ει ομεν ετε ονσι(ν) | B 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | ον ες ε(ν) ομεν ετε ον |
C 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | ομαι ῃ εται ομεθα εσθε ονται | D 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | ομην ου ετο ομεθα εσθε οντο |
The following chart gives the verbal endings without the combining vowel included.
A 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | – ς ι μεν τε νσι(ν) | B 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | ν ς (ν) μεν τε ν |
C 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | μαι σαι ται μεθα σθε νται | D 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | μην σο το μεθα σθε ντο |
This chart provides an example of the verbal endings in use.
Α 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | λύω λύεις λύει λύομεν λύετε λύουσι(ν) | Β 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | ἒλυον ἒλυες ἒλυε(ν) ἐλύομεν ἐλύετε ἐλύον |
C 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | λύομαι λύῃ λύεται λύομεθα λύεσθε λύοντα | D 1s 2s 3s 1p 2p 3p | ἐλυόμην ἐλύου ἐλύετο ἐλυόμεθα ἐλύεσθε ἐλύοντο |
Note: there are plenty of charts out there that combine all of the above into 1 single chart but this creates a clutter for someone such as myself that can be distracting – particularly if I’m trying to study just one part of the chart. This is why you see the information split up the way you do.
Thanks for sharing the charts. I didn’t realize the complexity of Greek, but it does remind me of my experience learning endings for Latin words and how Latin actually helped me with English grammar because its word endings make distinguishing infinitives and participles easier than English. Hope your holi-day season is blessed and meaningful.
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